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TELEM.TXT
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1993-08-15
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Telemetry Adapter for the TNC-2
By Bill Beech, NJ7P
P.O. Box 38
Sierra Vista, AZ. 85636-0038
Jack Taylor, N7OO
RR-2 Box 1640
Sierra Vista, AZ. 85635
Abstract
This paper describes a modification for the TNC-2 to
allow 16 bits of digital I/O and 16 channels of analog to
digital conversion.
1. Background
During the development of the TheNet 2.XX code, the
need for control and monitoring of remote sites was a
discussion topic between the authors. Kantronics had
marketed the Weather Node and we were asked to provide an
interface from TheNet to the Weather Node. The idea that
there must be a more seamless solution drove the design of
this adapter.
2. Design Alternatives
The Weather Node is an 8051 microprocessor based device
to provide an ASCII interface to read the measured data.
This design did not lend itself to interfacing with a node
stack because the node stack uses a modified X.25 frame for
internode communications on the RS-232 port. It did not
provide the control functions necessary to provide remote
control of the site.
The design discussed in this paper utilizes an 82C55
Parallel Interface Adapter (PIA) and an ADC0817 16-channel
Analog Digital Converter (ADC). These IC's provide the
necessary functionality to provide 16 bits of digital I/O,
which are byte selectable as either input or output, and a
16 channel voltmeter with 20 millivolt resolution on the
basic range of 0 to 5 volts. They are used in an adapter
which fits in the TNC-2 and adds this functionality to the
TNC-2.
3. Circuit Description
The adapter (see figure 1) gains its operating power
and all but one required signal from its connection to the
Z80 microprocessor. The adapter plugs into the Z80 socket,
and the Z80 plugs into the adapter.
The 74HCT138 provides the address decode for the PIA
and the ADC. The 74HCT02 provides the read/write
qualification for the ADC and inverts the reset signal for
the PIA.
The 8 bits of port A and B of the PIA are available for
control. The ports can be set independently for input or
output. Each bit represent a CMOS load as an input. Each
bit can source/sink up to 2 milliamps as an output.
The lower 4 bits of port C of the PIA are used to
select the ADC channel for conversion. The ADC is clocked
from the 614 KHz signal on pin 5 of U4A in the TNC-2. (This
is the only signal not present on the Z80). The conversion
time is 100 microseconds. Each channel can have the basic
range multiplied by insertion of a single resistor in place
of the jumpers in the MULT headers, H2 and H3.
4. Software
The Telemetry Adapter software was incorporated in the
TheNet Version 2.10 release. Since there is no generic
AX.25 code for the TNC-2 in the public domain, this was the
only software available for testing. As the adapter was to
be used in a node stack, and the authors had experience with
this code, this was not a problem.
The software allows reading the digital ports as hex
bytes. The ports are written to in a decimal format. The
voltmeter data is displayed as fixedpoint (i.e. 1.23). The
software will allow integral multipliers of the basic 0 to 5
volt range (i.e. 0 to 20 volts) to match the multiplier
resistors used on each channel. The ADC is switched through
each channel continuously measuring the values. The
software switches channels every 10 milliseconds.
The following exchange with a telemetry adapter
equipped TNC-2 demonstrates the telemetry functions (bold
are user commands, normal are tnc responses):
* c
CONN to NJ7P-4
t
SVATST:NJ7P-4} A=00 B=00
V0-7 4.99 3.46 2.35 1.62 1.09 0.78 0.50 0.37
V8-15 0.23 0.17 0.11 0.07 0.05 0.01 0.00 0.00
t 255 128
SVATST:NJ7P-4} A=FF B=80
V0-7 4.99 3.44 2.37 1.60 1.09 0.78 0.50 0.35
V8-15 0.25 0.15 0.11 0.07 0.03 0.03 0.01 0.00
t 128 0
SVATST:NJ7P-4} A=80 B=00
V0-7 4.99 3.44 2.35 1.62 1.09 0.74 0.50 0.37
V8-15 0.23 0.17 0.11 0.07 0.03 0.03 0.01 0.00
t 0 0
SVATST:NJ7P-4} A=00 B=00
V0-7 4.99 3.46 2.37 1.62 1.11 0.74 0.52 0.35
V8-15 0.25 0.15 0.11 0.07 0.03 0.01 0.01 0.00
b
DISC from NJ7P-4
In this example both digital I/O ports are configured for
output. Note that the commands for the bits are in decimal.
The conversion routine for input uses decimal notation, and
there is not enough room in the ROM for a hexadecimal
routine. The voltages read here are from a resistor ladder
network consisting of 16 4.7K resistors tying IN0 to IN15
together. IN0 is also connected to VCC and IN15 is
connected to ground.
5. Applications
The obvious application would be remote monitoring of
power supply voltages and transmitter forward and reflected
power. Power supply and battery voltages could be measured
by putting a 100K resistor in the multiplier, and setting
the software multiplier to 4, yielding a voltmeter range of
0 to 20 volts with 80 millivolt steps. RF power output
could be measured by setting the multiplier and multiplier
resistor for an appropriate range.
Applications providing lower voltages could use an
operational amplifier to bring the range up to that of the
basic 0 to 5 volts. This was done with the homemade
anemometer based on a 99 cent Radio Shack permanent magnet
motor. This anemometer provided 0.075 volts at 50 miles per
hour and was quite linear.
6. Conclusions and Future Directions
The adapter has functioned flawlessly for many months.
There is a lot of work to be done on interfaces for it to
sense and control the real world.
The ability to pass the measured values to a remote
collection station automatically would be nice. With the
code constraints, it might be better to have a control node
query data from various remote sites and inform the system
operators whenever a problem is detected.
7. References
Intel, "Peripherals", 1990
MFJ ENTERPRISES, "Model MFJ-1270B/1274 Packet Radio Terminal
Node Controller TNC 2, Rev 3.1", First Edition, 1986
National Semiconductor, "Data Acquisition Handbook", 1978